Ciprofloxacin: single versus multiple doses in transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy

Introduction There is rising concern regarding overuse of fluoroquinolones due to severe musculoskeletal and neurological side effects, and development of resistant microorganisms. In June 2019, the European Commission recommended fluoroquinolones should not be used routinely for prophylaxis in urological surgical procedures. Methods to reduce unnecessary exposure to fluroquinolones should be investigated. The aim of this article was to determine differences in hospital admission secondary to sepsis following transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsies between patients who received single vs. multiple doses of fluoroquinolones. Material and methods A retrospective analysis (June 2017-September 2018) of 200 consecutive TRUS biopsies at a single centre was undertaken. Group 1 (n = 100) received 750 mg ciprofloxacin 1-hr before their procedure followed by 3 days of ciprofloxacin 250 mg BD. Group 2 (n = 100) received a single dose of 750 mg ciprofloxacin 1-hr before the procedure. Midstream urine (MSU) culture results were examined pre-biopsy and 7 days post-biopsy. Data was also gathered on readmission rates to hospital as a result of urosepsis. Results A total of 1% of patients in each group required hospital admission secondary to Escherichia coli sepsis. A further 4% (n = 4) in Group 1 developed a urinary tract infection requiring antibiotic treatment post biopsy compared with 1% (n = 1) in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in deve-lopment of infectious complications post-biopsy between the two groups (p >0.05). Conclusions A single prophylactic dose of 750 mg of ciprofloxacin 1-hour pre-biopsy is as effective as multiple doses for TRUS guided prostate biopsy. Avoiding an unnecessary and prolonged course of fluoroquinolones has advantages in reducing potential side effects and development of resistant pathogens.