24S-hydroxycholesterol: Cellular effects and variations in brain diseases

被引：41

作者：

Sodero, Alejandro O. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Pontifical Catholic Univ Argentina UCA, Inst Biomed Res BIOMED, Av Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600,C1107AFF, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[2] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Natl Sci & Tech Res Council, Av Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600,C1107AFF, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

来源：

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY | 2021年 / 157卷 / 04期

关键词：

24S-hydroxycholesterol; Alzheimer disease; biomarkers of brain disease; brain; cholesterol; neurodegeneration; CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS; PLASMA; 24S-HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AMYLOID-BETA; CYTOCHROME-P450; 46A1; CHOLESTEROL-24S-HYDROXYLASE CYP46A1; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT-BRAIN; IN-VIVO; OXYSTEROLS;

D O I：

10.1111/jnc.15228

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

The adult brain exhibits a characteristic cholesterol homeostasis, with low synthesis rate and active catabolism. Brain cholesterol turnover is possible thanks to the action of the enzyme cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) or 24-cholesterol hydroxylase, that transforms cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-HC). But before crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), this oxysterol, that is the most abundant in the brain, can act locally, affecting the functioning of neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and vascular cells. The first part of this review addresses different aspects of 24S-HC production and elimination from the brain. The second part concentrates in the effects of 24S-HC at the cellular level, describing how this oxysterol affects cell viability, amyloid beta production, neurotransmission, and transcriptional activity. Finally, the role of 24S-HC in Alzheimer, Huntington and Parkinson diseases, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as the possibility of using this oxysterol as predictive and/or evolution biomarker in different brain disorders is discussed.

引用

页码：899 / 918

页数：20

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