Differential diagnosis of late-stage neuroborreliosis with affection of the central nervous system

Chronic neuroborreliosis is an actual problem in neurology due to its under-investigation in Russia, variety of clinical forms, and the absence of well established diagnostic criteria. We present clinical and laboratory differential diagnostic criteria of chronic borrelial encephalomyelitis in comparison with multiple sclerosis. Distinguishing characteristics of Lyme encephalopathy versus vascular encephalopathy are considered. Problems and possibilities of immunological methods for identification of B. burgdorferi are discussed. The results of the antibiotic treatment of different clinical forms of neuroborreliosis with affection of the central nervous system are described.