Translational highlights in breast cancer research and treatment: recent developments with clinical impact

Purpose of review Over the last decades the time which is needed to translate a preclinical finding or idea in the clinic has reduced continuously. Especially but not only for breast cancer the number of tested drugs and targeted pathways have increased immensely. In addition, the introduction of immune-oncological treatments has further advanced the possibilities for future treatments. This review focuses on recent developments in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer including results from major clinical trials and recent conferences. Recent findings Many pathways involved in the progression or treatment of breast cancer have been also identified in the cause and pathogenesis of breast cancer. Therefore, breast cancer risk can be described in much more detail, possibly leading to new prevention strategies. In breast cancer treatment the introduction of PARP inhibitors has begun. Recent trials will lead to a better understanding whether PI3K inhibitors can be developed for application in the clinic and first large randomized trials show the superiority of anti PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Treatment strategies which were developed over the last decade are moving rapidly into the clinical use. The understanding of treatment targets and involved side effects will be important for the safe implementation of these treatments into routine practice.