Risk factors for early and late procedure-related adverse events in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: A single center, retrospective study

BackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) provides the most common method to ensure enteral nutrition for various indications. However, PEG placement may be associated with relevant procedure-related morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify clinical parameters predicting an increased risk of PEG-related adverse events. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for all patients who had undergone PEG placement in our center between August 2010 and January 2014. PEG-related adverse events and risk factors were evaluated through review of endoscopic reports and medical charts. All patients were followed until death or study closure (median follow-up 30months, range 12-48). ResultsA total of 576 patients (417 male, mean age 56) were included. Indication for PEG insertion was preemptive or therapeutic in underlying oncological disease (n=410), neurological diseases (n=114), or others (n=151). The pull method was used in 501 patients (87%). Overall, 56 (59%) and 39 (41%) patients had early (<30days) and late (>30days) adverse events of which 11.8% and 4.7% were classified as minor and major, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that a high number of comorbidities, an oncological indication, and, as a statistical trend, high body mass index were associated with early adverse events. The use of the push method for insertion of PEG was associated with increased late adverse events, which mainly consisted of tube dislocations. ConclusionsClinical parameters that may easily be accessed correlate to an unfavorable outcome of a PEG procedure. This should raise the endoscopist's awareness for patients at high risk for adverse events.