Fractional-N PLL synthesizer with 15 μsec start-up time by on-chip nonvolatile memory

We propose a fractional-N PLL synthesizer with 15 mu sec start-up time featuring an open-loop VCO capacitor coarse setting and subsequent VCO control voltage setting technique with a nonvolatile memory, which can eliminate the frequency detection and VCO coarse tuning sequence used in conventional start-up acceleration techniques. The on-chip nonvolatile memory fabricated in a standard CMOS technology stores the predetermined calibration data to overcome the process variations in VCO capacitors and varactors. A prototype PLL is designed in a standard 0.18 mu m CMOS technology with die size of 950 mu m x 515 mu m and 10.4% area overhead of the acceleration circuits, and presents the measured start-up time of 14.6 mu sec.