Simulation analysis on countermeasure testing for underground pipeline

Underground pipelines, such as water supply systems, suffer large damage during earthquakes by surfacing or meandering because of ground liquefaction. Several countermeasures against liquefaction have been proposed for earth structures, but these methods are not oriented towards underground pipelines. The simulation analysis of the shaking table test as presented herein was conducted with the aim of confirming the validity of a proposed countermeasure method. The effective stress analysis was conducted using FLIP. The analysis by FLIP simulated well the behavior of the underground pipe during an earthquake. The results of analysis offered insights into the behavior of pipeline with the proposed countermeasure during liquefaction. The countermeasure with the crushed gravel as substitute for soil at the vicinity of the pipeline proved effective in reducing damages during liquefaction.