Socioeconomic Disparities in Brachial Plexus Surgery: A National Database Analysis

Background: Brachial plexus injuries have devastating effects on upper extremity function, with significant pain, psychosocial stress, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study is to identify socioeconomic disparities in the receipt of brachial plexus repair in the emergent versus elective setting, and in the use of supported services on discharge. Methods: Analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample Database was performed for the years 2009-2014. Adults with brachial plexus injury with or without nerve repair were identified; patient and hospital specific factors were analyzed. Results: Overall, 6,618 cases of emergent brachial plexus injury were retrieved. Six hundred sixty cases of brachial plexus repair were identified in the emergency and elective settings over the study period. Of the 6,618 injured, 153 (2.3%) underwent nerve surgery during the admission. Patients undergoing repair in the elective setting were more likely to be white males with private insurance. Patients treated in the emergency setting were more likely to be African American and in the lowest income quartile. Significant differences were also seen in supported discharge: more likely males (P < 0.001), >55 years of age (P < 0.001), white (P < 0.001), with government-based insurance (P < 0.001). Conclusions: There are significant disparities in the timing of brachial plexus surgery. These relate to timing rather than receipt of nerve repair; socioeconomically advantaged individuals with private insurance in the higher income quartiles are more likely to undergo surgery in the elective setting and have a supported discharge.