Lack of significant differences between gastrointestinal tract microbial population structure ofHelicobacter pylori-infected subjects before and 2 years after a single eradication event

Background According to recent estimates 80% of Latvian population is infected withHelicobacter pylorithus their susceptibility to numerous gastric tract diseases is increased. The 1(st)lineH. pylorieradication therapy includes treatment with clarithromycin in combination with amoxicillin or metronidazole and a proton pump inhibitor. However, potential adverse events caused by such therapies to microbiome are insufficiently studied. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect ofH. pylorieradication on human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome. Methods The assessment ofH pylorieradication impact on GIT microbiome was done by analyzing 120 samples acquired from 60 subjects. Each individual was prescribed the following 10-day eradication regimen:Esomeprazolum40 mg,Clarithromycinum500 mg, andAmoxicillinum1000 mg, BID. Samples from each individual were collected before startingH pylorieradication therapy, and 2 years after the completion of the therapy in OC-Sensor (Eiken Chemical Co.) sample collection containers and stored at -86 degrees C. Prior to DNA extraction, the samples were lyophilized, and total DNA was extracted using FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil. 16S V3 rRNA gene sequencing was done employing Ion Torrent PGM, and the obtained raw sequences were analyzed using vsearch and R (phyloseq, cluster packages). Results Alpha diversity measurements-observed OTUs, Chao1 and Shannon index did not differ significantly between the pre- and post-eradication states (two-tailed pairedttest:P = .95;P = .71,P = .24, respectively). Unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances of beta diversity analysis indicated a non-specific pattern of sample clustering. Enterotype shift was observed for the majority of individuals comparing pre- and post-eradication study groups. Association analysis revealed that certain bacterial genera significantly correlated with age (eg,Dialister,Paraprevotella,Bifidobacterium), individual (eg,Thermotunica,Streptomyces,Faecalibacterium), and history of respiratory and/or allergic diseases (eg,Colinsella,Faecalibacterium). Redundancy analysis confirmed that the individual was a significant determinant of the subject's microbial community composition (ANOVA, 999 perm.,P = .001) with the further lower impact of subject-specific medical history (eg, medication used as prescribed:P = .005, history of cardiovascular diseases:P = .005, history of respiratory, and/or allergic diseases:P = .015) and physiological (eg, age:P = .005, gender:P = .02) parameters. In the post-eradication study group, number of influential genera (n = 260) was increased compared to the pre-eradication study group (n = 209). Conclusion Modest global differences at the community level exist between individuals before and after the eradication therapy; however, the microbiome structure is more related to the subject-specific parameters rather than by the eradication therapy itself.