THE MULTI-OBJECT, FIBER-FED SPECTROGRAPHS FOR THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY AND THE BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY

被引：980

作者：

Smee, Stephen A. ^{[1
]}

Gunn, James E. ^{[2
]}

Uomoto, Alan ^{[3
]}

Roe, Natalie ^{[4
]}

Schlegel, David ^{[4
]}

Rockosi, Constance M. ^{[5
,6
]}

Carr, Michael A. ^{[2
]}

Leger, French ^{[7
]}

Dawson, Kyle S. ^{[8
]}

Olmstead, Matthew D. ^{[8
]}

Brinkmann, Jon ^{[9
]}

Owen, Russell ^{[7
]}

Barkhouser, Robert H. ^{[1
]}

Honscheid, Klaus ^{[10
,11
]}

Harding, Paul ^{[12
]}

Long, Dan ^{[9
]}

Lupton, Robert H. ^{[2
]}

Loomis, Craig ^{[2
]}

Anderson, Lauren ^{[7
]}

Annis, James ^{[13
]}

Bernardi, Mariangela ^{[14
]}

Bhardwaj, Vaishali ^{[7
]}

Bizyaev, Dmitry ^{[9
]}

Bolton, Adam S. ^{[8
]}

Brewington, Howard ^{[9
]}

Briggs, John W. ^{[15
]}

Burles, Scott ^{[16
]}

Burns, James G. ^{[10
,11
]}

Javier Castander, Francisco ^{[17
,18
]}

Connolly, Andrew ^{[7
]}

Davenport, James R. A. ^{[7
]}

Ebelke, Garrett ^{[9
]}

Epps, Harland ^{[5
,6
]}

Feldman, Paul D. ^{[1
]}

Friedman, Scott D. ^{[18
]}

Frieman, Joshua ^{[13
]}

Heckman, Timothy ^{[1
]}

Hull, Charles L. ^{[3
]}

Knapp, Gillian R. ^{[2
]}

Lawrence, David M. ^{[8
]}

Loveday, Jon ^{[19
]}

Mannery, Edward J. ^{[7
]}

Malanushenko, Elena ^{[9
]}

Malanushenko, Viktor ^{[9
]}

Merrelli, Aronne James ^{[20
]}

Muna, Demitri ^{[21
]}

Newman, Peter R. ^{[9
]}

Nichol, Robert C. ^{[22
]}

Oravetz, Daniel ^{[9
]}

Pan, Kaike ^{[9
]}

机构：

[1] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[2] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[3] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA

[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[5] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UC Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[6] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[7] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 09195 USA

[8] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA

[9] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA

[10] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[11] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[12] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA

[13] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA

[14] Univ Penn, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[15] Mittelman Family Fdn, HUT Observ, Eagle, CO 81631 USA

[16] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[17] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

[18] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[19] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England

[20] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[21] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA

[22] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England

[23] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA

[24] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[25] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[26] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53703 USA

[27] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

[28] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[29] Univ Chicago, Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

来源：

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL | 2013年 / 146卷 / 02期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

cosmology: observations; instrumentation: spectrographs; surveys; DATA RELEASE; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; TARGET SELECTION; TELESCOPE; GALAXIES; CALIBRATION; STARS; MASS;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-6256/146/2/32

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present the design and performance of the multi-object fiber spectrographs for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and their upgrade for the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). Originally commissioned in Fall 1999 on the 2.5 m aperture Sloan Telescope at Apache Point Observatory, the spectrographs produced more than 1.5 million spectra for the SDSS and SDSS-II surveys, enabling a wide variety of Galactic and extra-galactic science including the first observation of baryon acoustic oscillations in 2005. The spectrographs were upgraded in 2009 and are currently in use for BOSS, the flagship survey of the third-generation SDSS-III project. BOSS will measure redshifts of 1.35 million massive galaxies to redshift 0.7 and Ly alpha absorption of 160,000 high redshift quasars over 10,000 deg(2) of sky, making percent level measurements of the absolute cosmic distance scale of the universe and placing tight constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. The twin multi-object fiber spectrographs utilize a simple optical layout with reflective collimators, gratings, all-refractive cameras, and state-of-the-art CCD detectors to produce hundreds of spectra simultaneously in two channels over a bandpass covering the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, with a resolving power R = lambda/FWHM similar to 2000. Building on proven heritage, the spectrographs were upgraded for BOSS with volume-phase holographic gratings and modern CCD detectors, improving the peak throughput by nearly a factor of two, extending the bandpass to cover 360 nm < lambda < 1000 nm, and increasing the number of fibers from 640 to 1000 per exposure. In this paper we describe the original SDSS spectrograph design and the upgrades implemented for BOSS, and document the predicted and measured performances.

引用

页数：40

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