Elements of Morphology: Standard Terminology for the Periorbital Region

被引：74

作者：

Hall, Bryan D. ^{[1
]}

Graham, John M., Jr. ^{[2
]}

Cassidy, Suzanne B. ^{[3
]}

Opitz, John M. ^{[4
,5
,6
,7
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Clin, Dept Pediat, Div Clin Biochem Genet & Dysmorphol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA

[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[3] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

[4] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[5] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[6] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[7] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Salt Lake City, UT USA

来源：

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A | 2009年 / 149A卷 / 01期

关键词：

terminology; definitions; periorbital structures; eyebrows; eyelashes; eyelids; palpebrae; telecanthus; lacrimal glands; BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS; FAMILY;

D O I：

10.1002/ajmg.a.32597

中图分类号：

Q3 [遗传学];

学科分类号：

071007 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the periorbital area and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the periorbital area. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss Inc.

引用

页码：29 / 39

页数：11

共 32 条

[1] A missense mutation in the zinc-finger domain of the human hairless gene underlies congenital atrichia in a family of Irish travellers [J].