A control strategy for DC Smart Grids operation

Currently, most of available architectures for electrical energy distribution are mainly centralized with AC topology. However, decentralized generation growing significantly and grid-connected system being proposed in most applications have leaded to challenge for the electric power system operation. The intermittent and unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources, such as wind turbine and photovoltaic, remains an issue for their integration into the public grid resulting in: fluctuations of voltage and/or frequency, harmonic pollution, difficult load management. On the other hand, recently there has been significant increase in direct current (DC) loads in domestic appliance. This requires AC-DC converters, causing great amount of power loss, due to the AC reactive power losses, and the converter losses. To increase the integration level of renewable energy and energy efficiency, the smart grid based on distributed DC management is proposed.