Fermented guava leaf extract inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS expression in mouse macrophage cells by inhibition of transcription factor NF-κB

The goal of this study was to elucidate the antiinflammatory activities of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaf. To improve the functionality of guava leaf, it was fermented with Phellinus linteus mycelia, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ethanol extract from fermented guava leaf inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) production. Western blot analysis showed that fermented guava leaf extract decreased LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein level in RAW 264.7 cells. To investigate the mechanism involved, the study examined the effect of fermented guava leaf extract on LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation. Fermented guava leaf extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappa B transcriptional activity. Immunochemical analysis revealed that fermented guava leaf extract suppressed LPS-induced degradation of I-kappa B alpha Taken together, the data indicate that fermented guava leaf extract is involved in the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 via the down-regulation of NF-kappa B pathway, revealing a partial molecular basis for the antiinflammatory properties of fermented guava leaf extract. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.