Noise and crosstalk models of the particle detector with zero-pole transformation charge sensitive amplifier

This paper presents design and mathematical noise model of front-end electronics for a silicon particle detector, considering the complete transfer function of a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA). The work includes the noise and crosstalk analysis of a pixel array with a conventional CSA and a zero-pole transformation CSA (ZPT-CSA) (Jaffari et al., 2011). The pixel array has been designed and simulated in a 180 nm CMOS technology with the supply voltage of 1.8 V and the substrate potential of -10 V. The comparative study for conventional and ZPT-CSA is performed with the circuit simulations. The study demonstrates a reduction of 30 % in output noise spectral density and 46 % in equivalent noise charge (ENC) for a frequency band of 100 kHz-100 MHz by using a zero-pole transformation technique. Further, the paper proposes systematic design criteria for a ZPT-CSA with a continuous reset mechanism for the noise reduction. The complete transfer function for the ZPT-CSA is derived and noise model is presented in the presence of interpixel capacitive crosstalk. The results of the mathematical model are compared with the circuit simulations. An average error of 3 x 10(-10) V-2/Hz is seen in the output noise voltage spectral density for a frequency range of 100 kHz to 100 MHz. The comparison shows an average relative error of 1.8% for the crosstalk voltages. ENC from both the simulations has an average error of 2.91 aC (similar to 18 electrons) when plotted for a pixel capacitance range of 10 fF-100 fF in 100 kHz to 100 MHz frequency band.