Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying

被引:39
作者
Nocerino, Erica [1 ]
Menna, Fabio [2 ]
Gruen, Armin [3 ]
Troyer, Matthias [4 ]
Capra, Alessandro [5 ]
Castagnetti, Cristina [5 ]
Rossi, Paolo [5 ]
Brooks, Andrew J. [6 ]
Schmitt, Russell J. [7 ]
Holbrook, Sally J. [7 ]
机构
[1] Domaine Univ St Jerome, Univ Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, LIS,UMR 7020,CNRS,ENSAM, Batiment Polytech,Ave Escadrille Normandie Niemen, F-13397 Marseille, France
[2] FBK Bruno Kessler Fdn, 3DOM 3D Opt Metrol Unit, I-38123 Trento, Italy
[3] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[4] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
[5] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, DIEF Dept, I-41125 Modena, Italy
[6] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coastal Res Ctr, Marine Sci Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[7] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coastal Res Ctr, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
underwater photogrammetry; underwater geodetic network; coral reef monitoring; camera evaluation; accuracy evaluation; change detection; level of detection; significance of changes; uncertainty propagation; error budget; STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; PRECISION; ACCURACY; ERROR;
D O I
10.3390/rs12183036
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Underwater photogrammetry is increasingly being used by marine ecologists because of its ability to produce accurate, spatially detailed, non-destructive measurements of benthic communities, coupled with affordability and ease of use. However, independent quality control, rigorous imaging system set-up, optimal geometry design and a strict modeling of the imaging process are essential to achieving a high degree of measurable accuracy and resolution. If a proper photogrammetric approach that enables the formal description of the propagation of measurement error and modeling uncertainties is not undertaken, statements regarding the statistical significance of the results are limited. In this paper, we tackle these critical topics, based on the experience gained in the Moorea Island Digital Ecosystem Avatar (IDEA) project, where we have developed a rigorous underwater photogrammetric pipeline for coral reef monitoring and change detection. Here, we discuss the need for a permanent, underwater geodetic network, which serves to define a temporally stable reference datum and a check for the time series of photogrammetrically derived three-dimensional (3D) models of the reef structure. We present a methodology to evaluate the suitability of several underwater camera systems for photogrammetric and multi-temporal monitoring purposes and stress the importance of camera network geometry to minimize the deformations of photogrammetrically derived 3D reef models. Finally, we incorporate the measurement and modeling uncertainties of the full photogrammetric process into a simple and flexible framework for detecting statistically significant changes among a time series of models.
引用
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页数:26
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