Lanthanide-doped up-converting nanoparticles: Merits and challenges

被引:323
作者
Gnach, Anna [1 ,2 ]
Bednarkiewicz, Artur [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Wroclaw Res Ctr EIT, PL-54066 Wroclaw, Poland
[2] PAS, Inst Immunol & Expt Therapy, PL-53114 Wroclaw, Poland
[3] PAS, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland
关键词
Lanthanides; Nanoparticles; Biofunctionalization; Up-conversion; Up-conversion enhancement; LN(3+)-DOPED LAF3 NANOPARTICLES; CONVERSION EMISSION ENHANCEMENT; DOPANT-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; QUANTUM DOTS; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES; PHOSPHOR REPORTERS; IN-VITRO; MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOPROBES; LUMINESCENT NANOPARTICLES; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY;
D O I
10.1016/j.nantod.2012.10.006
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Due to exceptional photo-physical properties, up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising and advantageous alternative to conventional fluorescent labels used in many bio-medical applications. The first part of this review aims at presenting these properties as well as the current state-of-the-art in the up-conversion enhancement, NPs surface functionalization and bioconjugation. In the second part of the paper, the applications of UCNPs and currently available detection instrumentation are discussed in the view of the distinctive properties of these markers. Because the growing widespread use of the biofunctionalized NPs, scarce instrumentation for up-conversion detection is reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the UCNPs are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:532 / 563
页数:32
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