Nanodiamonds as novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications: drug delivery and imaging systems

被引:188
作者
Kaur, Randeep [1 ]
Badea, Ildiko [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Pharm & Nutr, Drug Design & Discovery Res Grp, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
关键词
dispersion; surface functionalization; toxicity; carriers; fluorescence; light scattering; DIAMOND THIN-FILMS; NITROGEN-VACANCY CENTERS; FLUORESCENT NANODIAMONDS; CARBON NANOTUBES; DETONATION NANODIAMOND; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; FUNCTIONALIZATION;
D O I
10.2147/IJN.S37348
中图分类号
TB3 [工程材料学];
学科分类号
0805 ; 080502 ;
摘要
Detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) are emerging as delivery vehicles for small chemical drugs and macromolecular biotechnology products due to their primary particle size of 4 to 5 nm, stable inert core, reactive surface, and ability to form hydrogels. Nanoprobe technology capitalizes on the intrinsic fluorescence, high refractive index, and unique Raman signal of the NDs, rendering them attractive for in vitro and in vivo imaging applications. This review provides a brief introduction of the various types of NDs and describes the development of procedures that have led to stable single-digit-sized ND dispersions, a crucial feature for drug delivery systems and nanoprobes. Various approaches used for functionalizing the surface of NDs are highlighted, along with a discussion of their biocompatibility status. The utilization of NDs to provide sustained release and improve the dispersion of hydrophobic molecules, of which chemotherapeutic drugs are the most investigated, is described. The prospects of improving the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids by using NDs as a platform are exemplified. The photoluminescent and optical scattering properties of NDs, together with their applications in cellular labeling, are also reviewed. Considering the progress that has been made in understanding the properties of NDs, they can be envisioned as highly efficient drug delivery and imaging biomaterials for use in animals and humans.
引用
收藏
页码:203 / 220
页数:18
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