The effects of Cr substitution oil the formation, structure and magnetic properties of Sm-2(Fe,Cr)(17)C-x alloys have been systematically, studied on arc-melted and meet-spun samples using XRD, TEM and magnetic measurements. It has been found that Cr substitution is an effective way to form the Sm-2(Fe,Cr)(17)C-x carbides. The minimum amount of Cr needed to form an almost single 2:17 Sm2Fe17-yCryC2 phase is around y=2 and the maximum amount of carbon for Sm2Fe15Cr2Cx to remain in a single 2:17 structure is around x=2. Magnetic measurements reveal that the Cr substituted Sm-2(Fe,Cr)(17)C-x carbides have a strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy with anisotropy fields higher than 90 kOe obtained in both the Sm2Fe15Cr2C2 and Sm2Fe14Cr3C2 carbides, The highest coercivity of 13.2 kOe has been obtained in Sm2Fe15Cr2C2 melt-spun ribbons, However, both the Curie temperature and the magnetization are found to decrease with Cr substitution.