Gymnastics training facilities contain large volumes of polyurethane foam, a material that often contains additive flame retardants such as PentaBDE. While investigations of human exposure to flame retardants have focused on the general population, potentially higher than background exposures may occur in gymnasts and certain occupational groups. Our objectives were to compare PentaBDE body burden among gymnasts to the general United States population and characterize flame retardants levels in gym equipment, air, and dust. We recruited 11 collegiate female gymnasts (ages 18-22) from one gym in the eastern United States. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of BDE-153 in gymnast sera (32.5 ng/g lipid) was 4-6.5 times higher than in the general United States population groups. Median concentrations of PentaBDE, TBB, and TBPH in paired handwipe samples were 2-3 times higher after practice compared to before, indicating the gymnasts contacted these flame retardants during practice. GM concentrations of PentaBDE, TBB, and TBPH were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher in gym air and dust than in residences. Our findings suggest that these collegiate gymnasts experienced higher exposures to PentaBDE flame retardants compared to the general United States population and that gymnasts may also have increased exposure to other additive flame retardants used in polyurethane foam such as TBB and TBPH.
机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Gascon, Mireia
;
Fort, Marta
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Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Fort, Marta
;
Martinez, David
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Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Martinez, David
;
Carsin, Anne-Elie
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Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Carsin, Anne-Elie
;
Forns, Joan
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机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Forns, Joan
;
Grimalt, Joan O.
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Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Grimalt, Joan O.
;
Santa Marina, Loreto
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机构:
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, Spain
Subdirecc Salud Publ Gipuzkoa, Dept Sanidad Gobierno Vasco, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed, Donostia San Sebastian, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Santa Marina, Loreto
;
Lertxundi, Nerea
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Inst Invest Biomed, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain
Univ Basque Country UPVEHU, Fac Psychol, Dept Social Psychol & Behav Sci Methodol, Donostia San Sebastian, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Lertxundi, Nerea
;
Sunyer, Jordi
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Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra UPF, Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Sunyer, Jordi
;
Vrijheid, Martine
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Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Gascon, Mireia
;
Fort, Marta
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机构:
Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Fort, Marta
;
Martinez, David
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机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Martinez, David
;
Carsin, Anne-Elie
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h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Carsin, Anne-Elie
;
Forns, Joan
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机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Forns, Joan
;
Grimalt, Joan O.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Grimalt, Joan O.
;
Santa Marina, Loreto
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, Spain
Subdirecc Salud Publ Gipuzkoa, Dept Sanidad Gobierno Vasco, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Invest Biomed, Donostia San Sebastian, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Santa Marina, Loreto
;
Lertxundi, Nerea
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Invest Biomed, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain
Univ Basque Country UPVEHU, Fac Psychol, Dept Social Psychol & Behav Sci Methodol, Donostia San Sebastian, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Lertxundi, Nerea
;
Sunyer, Jordi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Pompeu Fabra UPF, Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Sunyer, Jordi
;
Vrijheid, Martine
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Spanish Consortium Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBE, Barcelona, SpainCtr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain