Proteaceae Leaf Fossils: Phylogeny, Diversity, Ecology and Austral Distributions

被引:30
作者
Carpenter, Raymond J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
Proteaceae; Cuticle; Diversity; Leaf Fossils; Phylogeny; EOCENE PLANT FOSSILS; NEW-ZEALAND; CUTICULAR MORPHOLOGY; MACROFOSSIL RECORD; BANKSIA PROTEACEAE; POLLEN MORPHOLOGY; TERTIARY; EVOLUTION; FLORA; OLIGOCENE;
D O I
10.1007/s12229-012-9099-y
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Foliar fossils of Proteaceae are reviewed, and useful specimens for interpreting evolution, and past and present distributions and environments are discussed. There are no definite Cretaceous occurrences. However, there is evidence of extant lineages dating from the Paleocene onwards, including tribe Persoonieae of subfamily Persoonioideae and each of the four tribes of subfamily Grevilleoideae. High diversity and abundance characterizes the Australian fossil record, including sclerophyllous and xeromorphic forms, but there is little evidence of the prominent extant subfamily Proteoideae. New Zealand had a much higher diversity of Proteaceae than at present, including Oligo-Miocene species of open vegetation. The South American leaf fossil record is not extensive. However, the fossil records of Embothrieae and Orites are consistent with the distributions of their extant relatives in South America and Australia being the result of vicariance. Overall, there is a need for more research on placing Proteaceae leaf fossils in a phylogenetic context.
引用
收藏
页码:261 / 287
页数:27
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