The unexpected surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu

被引：376

作者：

Lauretta, D. S. ^{[1
]}

DellaGiustina, D. N. ^{[1
]}

Bennett, C. A. ^{[1
]}

Golish, D. R. ^{[1
]}

Becker, K. J. ^{[1
]}

Balram-Knutson, S. S. ^{[1
]}

Barnouin, O. S. ^{[2
]}

Becker, T. L. ^{[1
]}

Bottke, W. F. ^{[3
]}

Boynton, W. V. ^{[1
]}

Campins, H. ^{[4
]}

Clark, B. E. ^{[5
]}

Connolly, H. C., Jr. ^{[6
]}

d'Aubigny, C. Y. Drouet ^{[1
]}

Dworkin, J. P. ^{[7
]}

Emery, J. P. ^{[8
]}

Enos, H. L. ^{[1
]}

Hamilton, V. E. ^{[3
]}

Hergenrother, C. W. ^{[1
]}

Howell, E. S. ^{[1
]}

Izawa, M. R. M. ^{[9
]}

Kaplan, H. H. ^{[3
]}

Nolan, M. C. ^{[1
]}

Rizk, B. ^{[1
]}

Roper, H. L. ^{[1
]}

Scheeres, D. J. ^{[10
]}

Smith, P. H. ^{[1
]}

Walsh, K. J. ^{[3
]}

Wolner, C. W. V. ^{[1
]}

Highsmith, D. E. ^{[11
]}

Small, J. ^{[11
]}

Vokrouhlicky, D. ^{[12
]}

Bowles, N. E. ^{[13
]}

Brown, E. ^{[13
]}

Hanna, K. L. Donaldson ^{[13
]}

Warren, T. ^{[13
]}

Brunet, C. ^{[14
]}

Chicoine, R. A. ^{[14
]}

Desjardins, S. ^{[14
]}

Gaudreau, D. ^{[14
]}

Haltigin, T. ^{[14
]}

Millington-Veloza, S. ^{[14
]}

Rubi, A. ^{[14
]}

Aponte, J. ^{[15
]}

Gorius, N. ^{[15
]}

Lunsford, A. ^{[15
]}

Allen, B. ^{[16
]}

Grindlay, J. ^{[16
]}

Guevel, D. ^{[16
]}

Hoak, D. ^{[16
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA

[3] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA

[4] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL USA

[5] Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA

[6] Rowan Univ, Dept Geol, Glassboro, NJ USA

[7] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

[8] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA

[9] Okayama Univ Misasa, Inst Planetary Mat, Misasa, Tottori, Japan

[10] Univ Colorado, Smead Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[11] Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA USA

[12] Charles Univ Prague, Astron Inst, Prague, Czech Republic

[13] Univ Oxford, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England

[14] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada

[15] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA

[16] Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[17] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ USA

[18] CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA

[19] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[20] CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia

[21] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA

[22] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[23] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ USA

[24] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA

[25] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[26] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[27] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada

[28] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA

[29] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada

[30] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA

[31] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

[32] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA

[33] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada

[34] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[35] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA

[36] Edge Space Syst, Greenbelt, MD USA

[37] Gen Dynam C4 Syst, Denver, CO USA

[38] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[39] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

[40] INAF Astrophys Observ Arcetri, Florence, Italy

[41] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Padua, Italy

[42] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Rome, Italy

[43] Indigo Informat Serv, Tucson, AZ USA

[44] Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France

[45] Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

[46] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain

[47] Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX USA

[48] JAXA Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

[49] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA

[50] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2019年 / 568卷 / 7750期

关键词：

LIGHTCURVE; REGOLITH; ORIGIN;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-019-1033-6

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

NASA'S Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft recently arrived at the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu, a primitive body that represents the objects that may have brought prebiotic molecules and volatiles such as water to Earth(1). Bennu is a lowalbedo B-type asteroid(2) that has been linked to organic-rich hydrated carbonaceous chondrites(3). Such meteorites are altered by ejection from their parent body and contaminated by atmospheric entry and terrestrial microbes. Therefore, the primary mission objective is to return a sample of Bennu to Earth that is pristine-that is, not affected by these processes(4). The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft carries a sophisticated suite of instruments to characterize Bennu's global properties, support the selection of a sampling site and document that site at a sub-centimetre scale(5-11). Here we consider early OSIRIS-REx observations of Bennu to understand how the asteroid's properties compare to pre-encounter expectations and to assess the prospects for sample return. The bulk composition of Bennu appears to be hydrated and volatile-rich, as expected. However, in contrast to pre-encounter modelling of Bennu's thermal inertia(12) and radar polarization ratios(13)-which indicated a generally smooth surface covered by centimetre-scale particles-resolved imaging reveals an unexpected surficial diversity. The albedo, texture, particle size and roughness are beyond the spacecraft design specifications. On the basis of our pre-encounter knowledge, we developed a sampling strategy to target 50-metre-diameter patches of loose regolith with grain sizes smaller than two centimetres(4). We observe only a small number of apparently hazard-free regions, of the order of 5 to 20 metres in extent, the sampling of which poses a substantial challenge to mission success.

引用

页码：55 / +

页数：16

共 50 条

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