Effect of the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta on vital rates of the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator

Negatively correlated densities between two species can be attributed to effects on vital rates and/or movement. On intertidal mudflats in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada, mechanisms underlying the negative correlation between the densities of two dominant macro-invertebrates, the mud snail Ilyanassa obsolete and the burrow-dwelling amphipod Corophium volutator, are unclear. We investigated the effect of mud snail density on survival, growth and fecundity of C volutator in 2-wk experiments in the laboratory and field, and observed behavioral interactions between the two species. Snails negatively affected juvenile and adult survival of amphipods, juvenile growth, and proportion of females. that were ovigerous. Behavioral observations revealed that snails are active predators of C. volutator, both juveniles and adults. We documented several attack methods by snails. As well, we observed that C volutator could become entangled in laid mucus trails of snails, leaving them vulnerable to attack from snail trail-followers or other predators. Snail predation, in combination with increased C. volutator migration in the presence of snails, appears to be a primary short-term mechanism for the observed negative correlation between these invertebrate species. Competition (likely through interference), resulting in lowered growth and fecundity, may be a longer-term mechanism for this negative correlation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.