Valorization of Quercus suber L. Bark as a Source of Phytochemicals with Antimicrobial Activity against Apple Tree Diseases

被引:10
作者
Sanchez-Hernandez, Eva [1 ]
Gonzalez-Garcia, Vicente [2 ]
Casanova-Gascon, Jose [3 ]
Barriuso-Vargas, Juan J. [4 ]
Balduque-Gil, Joaquin [4 ]
Lorenzo-Vidal, Belen [5 ]
Martin-Gil, Jesus [1 ]
Martin-Ramos, Pablo [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Valladolid, ETSIIAA, Dept Agr & Forestry Engn, Ave Madrid 44, Palencia 34004, Spain
[2] Univ Zaragoza, Inst Agroalimentario Aragon IA2 CITA, Agrifood Res & Technol Ctr Aragon, Dept Agr Forestry & Environm Syst, Avda Montanana, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
[3] Univ Zaragoza, EPS, Inst Univ Invest Ciencias Ambientales Aragon, Carretera Cuarte S-N, Huesca 22071, Spain
[4] Univ Zaragoza, CITA, AgriFood Inst Aragon IA2, Avda Montanana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
[5] Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Serv Microbiol, Calle Dulzaina 2, Valladolid 47012, Spain
来源
PLANTS-BASEL | 2022年 / 11卷 / 24期
关键词
antimicrobial; antifungal; brown rot; collar and root rot; cork oak; dieback; fire blight; ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; THYMUS-VULGARIS; PLANT-EXTRACTS; GC-MS; CORK; DEGRADATION; COMPONENTS;
D O I
10.3390/plants11243415
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Cork, an anatomic adaptation of the bark of Quercus suber L. through its suberization process, finds its main application in the production of bottle stoppers. Its processing results in a large waste stream of cork fragments, granulates, and dust, which may be susceptible to valorization. The work presented here explored the use of its extracts to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic microorganisms associated with apple tree diseases. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of cork aqueous ammonia extract was assayed against four fungi, viz. Monilinia fructigena and M. laxa (brown rot), Neofussicoccum parvum (dieback), and Phytophthora cactorum (collar and root rot), and two bacteria, viz. Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, either alone or in combination with chitosan oligomers (COS). Effective concentration values of EC90 in the 675-3450 mu g center dot mL(-1) range, depending on the fungal pathogen, were obtained in growth inhibition tests, which were substantially improved for the conjugate complexes (340-801 mu g center dot mL(-1)) as a result of strong synergism with COS. Similar enhanced behavior was also observed in antibacterial activity assays, with MIC values of 375 and 750 mu g center dot mL(-1) for the conjugate complexes against P. syringae pv. syringae and E. amylovora, respectively. This in vitro inhibitory activity was substantially higher than those exhibited by azoxystrobin and fosetyl-Al, which were tested for comparison purposes, and stood out among those reported for other natural compounds in the literature. The observed antimicrobial activity may be mainly attributed to the presence of glycerin and vanillic acid, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. In the first step towards in-field application, the COS-Q. suber bark extract conjugate complex was further tested ex situ against P. cactorum on artificially inoculated excised stems of the 'Garnem' almond rootstock, achieving high protection at a dose of 3750 mu g center dot mL(-1). These results suggest that cork industrial leftovers may, thus, be a promising source of bioactive compounds for integrated pest management.
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页数:18
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