Effect of an air gap on the heat transfer of protective materials upon hot liquid splashes

The thermal protective performance of fabrics against hot liquid splashes was investigated under different configurations. The air gap of 6mm between specimen and sensor was simulated and compared with direct contact configuration. Three liquids (distilled water, canola oil, drilling mud) at 85? were applied as challenge hot liquid hazards. The results showed that fabric permeability significantly affected heat transfer due to the occurrence of mass transfer both with and without a spacer. The absorbed energy and second-degree burn time presented significantly negative correlation. The effect of air gap on thermal performance was investigated. The findings demonstrated that minimizing mass transfer could effectively improve thermal protection against hot liquid splashes and the existing of an air layer could improve thermal performance.