Mathematical assessment of the impact of different microclimate conditions on malaria transmission dynamics

A new non-autonomous model incorporating diurnal temperature fluctuation is designed to study the transmission dynamics of malaria. In particular, the model is used to assess the impact of different microclimate condition on the population dynamics of malaria. The disease free state of the model is seen to be globally asymptotically stable in the absence of disease induced mortality when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Also when the associated reproduction number of the model is greater than unity, the disease persist in the population. Numerical simulations of the time-averaged basic reproduction number show that neglecting the variation of indoor and outdoor temperature will under-estimate the value of this threshold parameter. Numerical simulations of the model show that the higher indoor temperature influences the efficacy of control measures as a higher prevalence level is obtained when indoor and outdoor temperature variation is considered. It is further shown that both where the mosquitoes rest and how long they rest there may determine the transmission intensity.