Antiretroviral therapy in developing countries: pharmacologic considerations

Purpose of review This article reviews recent studies in the field of clinical pharmacology of antiretroviral drugs and highlights the relevance of the findings to clinical practice in developing countries. Recent findings Differences in antiretroviral pharmacokinetics are associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes. Inadequate concentrations of antiretrovirals in children are common. A study in African children found subtherapeutic concentrations in 40% of patients receiving efavirenz at recommended doses. Summary Recent findings on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral agents relevant to clinical practice in developing countries are reviewed. Widespread poverty impacts negatively on HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention efforts. Improved access to treatment, social and economic support and pharmacology research in target populations are needed.