The functional anatomy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

被引:141
作者
Ganos, Christos [1 ]
Roessner, Veit [2 ]
Muenchau, Alexander [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf UKE, Dept Neurol, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
[2] Univ Dresden, Sch Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
关键词
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; fMRI; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Functional anatomy; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ENHANCED COGNITIVE CONTROL; SELF-REGULATORY CONTROL; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; BASAL GANGLIA; TIC DISORDERS; MOTOR CORTEX; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CHILDREN;
D O I
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.004
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) holds a prime position as a disorder transgressing the brittle boundaries of neurology and psychiatry with an entangling web of motor and behavioral problems. With tics as the disorder's hallmark and myriads of related signs such as echo-, pali- and coprophenomena, paralleled by a broad neuropsychiatric spectrum of comorbidities encompassing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and self-injurious behavior and depression, GTS pathophysiology remains enigmatic. In this review, in the light of GTS phenomenology, we will focus on current theories of tic-emergence related to aberrant activity in the basal ganglia and abnormal basal ganglia-cortex interplay through cortico-striato-thalamocortical loops from an anatomical, neurophysiological and functional-neuroimaging perspective. We will attempt a holistic view to the countless major and minor drawbacks of the GTS brain and comment on future directions of neuroscientific research to elucidate this common and complex neuropsychiatric syndrome, which merits scientific understanding and social acceptance. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1050 / 1062
页数:13
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