Expression of the monoclonal antibody HECA-452 defined E-selectin ligands in Langerhans cell histiocytosis

The cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen (CLA) recognized by the monoclonal antibody (moAb) HECA-452 plays a major role in the homing of lymphocyte subpopulations to the skin by binding to E-selectin on dermal microvessels. The factors responsible for the immigration of Langerhans cells (LC) and their precursors into the skin are still unknown, but because normal resting LC are also capable of expressing CLA, the antigen was proposed as a candidate LC-homing structure. To gain insight into these mechanisms, the expression of HECA-452 on neoplastic LC within and outside the skin was investigated in paraffin-embedded sections from 44 patients with localized and disseminated forms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) presenting with proliferating cells positive for CD45, CD1a, S100 and HLA-DR. Irrespective of the clinical presentation or the type of organ involved, HECA-452-positive LC were detected in all biopsies tested (range 5->90%). The most prominent HECA-452 reactivity was observed in skin lesions and in areas with accumulations of eosinophilic granulocytes. Our data provide evidence for a heterogeneous expression of sLe(x)/sLe(a) structures in various stages of activated and/or differentiated LCH cells. Remarkably, CLA-antigen expression on LCH-cells was not restricted to cutaneous sites. In view of recent findings on the expression of HECA-452 on resting epidermal LC, our data are compatible with the view that local cytokine production by keratinocytes or cells from the surrounding infiltrate induce and/or modulate CLA expression on LC in both cutaneous and extra-cutaneous sites.