Deep neural network-based computer-assisted detection of cerebral aneurysms in MR angiography

BackgroundThe usefulness of computer-assisted detection (CAD) for detecting cerebral aneurysms has been reported; therefore, the improved performance of CAD will help to detect cerebral aneurysms. PurposeTo develop a CAD system for intracranial aneurysms on unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and a maximum intensity projection (MIP) algorithm, and to demonstrate the usefulness of the system by training and evaluating it using a large dataset. Study TypeRetrospective study. SubjectsThere were 450 cases with intracranial aneurysms. The diagnoses of brain aneurysms were made on the basis of MRA, which was performed as part of a brain screening program. Field Strength/SequenceNoncontrast-enhanced 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MRA on 3T MR scanners. AssessmentIn our CAD, we used a CNN classifier that predicts whether each voxel is inside or outside aneurysms by inputting MIP images generated from a volume of interest (VOI) around the voxel. The CNN was trained in advance using manually inputted labels. We evaluated our method using 450 cases with intracranial aneurysms, 300 of which were used for training, 50 for parameter tuning, and 100 for the final evaluation. Statistical TestsFree-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis. ResultsOur CAD system detected 94.2% (98/104) of aneurysms with 2.9 false positives per case (FPs/case). At a sensitivity of 70%, the number of FPs/case was 0.26. Data ConclusionWe showed that the combination of a CNN and an MIP algorithm is useful for the detection of intracranial aneurysms. Level of Evidence: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:948-953.