Use of the Kala-Azar Detect® and IT-LEISH® rapid tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

The performances of two rapid tests and a standard serological test for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were compared using sera from 193 patients with VL and 85 controls. The Kala-Azar Detect (R), IT-LEISH (R) and IFI-LH (R) assays showed sensitivities of 88.1%, 93.3% and 88.6%, respectively, and specificities of 90.6%, 96.5% and 80%, respectively. The sensitivity values were similar for both rapid tests, but the specificity and positive predictive values of IT-LEISH (R) were higher than the corresponding values for IFI-LH (R). Both rapid tests showed satisfactory performances and can be used in primary health care settings; however, IT-LEISH (R) permits the use of whole blood, making this assay more suitable for bedside diagnosis.