Influence of age on operative mortality and long-term survival after lung resection for bronchogenic carcinoma

The proportion of elderly patients presenting with bronchogenic carcinoma is increasing. To study the impact of age on clinical presentation, management and outcome of patients, the authors have reviewed their clinical experience over the last 20 yrs. Between 1977 and 1996, 1,079 patients underwent thoracotomy for primary lung carcinoma in the authors' institution. Patients were grouped by age at the time of surgery as <60 yrs, 60-69 yrs and greater than or equal to 70 yrs. Although the mode of clinical presentation was similar between all age groups, patients <60 yrs were more prone to have advanced stage carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. The rates of exploratory thoracotomy and pneumonectomy were higher in patients <70 yrs, whereas lobectomies and lesser resections largely predominated in patients greater than or equal to 70 yrs. The mortality rate following lobectomy and lesser resection increased from 1.3% in patients <60 yrs to 5.5% in patients greater than or equal to 60 yrs (p=0.04) and the mortality rate following pneumonectomy increased from 6.5% in patients <60 yrs to 13.7% in patients greater than or equal to 70 yrs (p=0.24). The specific long-term survival, which included only the patients who died from primary lung carcinoma, was similar in all age groups. Operative mortality and survival rates are acceptable in patients greater than or equal to 70 yrs. Therefore, age in itself should not constitute a contraindication to surgical lung resection for primary lung carcinoma as long as a careful preoperative assessment is performed to appropriately select surgical candidates.