Disparate effects of ACE-inhibitors and calcium antagonists on left ventricular structure and function in essential hypertension

The present study was designed to compare the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium antagonists - the two drug classes thought to be most effective in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy - on arterial pressure, left ventricular structure and function in patients with essential hypertension. After a placebo period of 4 weeks, a population of 96 patients were treated either with one of five different ACE inhibitors or one of six different calcium antagonists, Cardiac structure and function was assessed by 2D-guided M-mode echocardiography. Whereas both drug classes lowered arterial pressure to the same extent, ACE inhibitors had a more pronounced effect on posterior and septal wall thickness and left ventricular mass index than calcium antagonists, Diastolic function, as measured by peak filling rate and duration of rapid filling, improved in both treatment groups to the same extent, However, systolic performance, as assessed by midwall fractional fibre shortening, was significantly improved by ACE inhibitors only, Myocardial contractility (end-systolic wall stress/end-systolic volume index) showed no significant change in the ACE inhibitor group but decreased after treatment with calcium antagonists. We conclude that both calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors lower arterial pressure and increase left ventricular filling to the same extent. However, compared with calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors had a more pronounced effect on left ventricular mass and improved systolic ventricular performance in patients with essential hypertension.