Molecular n-type doping of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride by pyronin B studied using direct and inverse photoelectron spectroscopies

被引:126
作者
Chan, CK [1 ]
Kim, EG
Brédas, JL
Kahn, A
机构
[1] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[2] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[3] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1002/adfm.200500402
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Molecular n-type doping of 1,4,5,8-naplithalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) by pyronin B (PyB) is investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES). and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Deposition of small amounts (< 2 angstrom) of PyB on pristine NTCDA films leads to a shift of all the molecular levels away from the Fermi level by nearly 0.20 eV, indicative of n-type doping of NTCDA by PyB. Interface and bulk energy levels of films formed by co-evaporation of host and dopant show similarly efficient n-doping. The spectroscopic measurements are confirmed by I-V measurements, which show a four-orders-of-magnitude increase in current in doped films. The comparison of data obtained from UPS of the neat PyB film with the results of density functional theory calculations confirm that two species of PyB are evaporated and condensed into the solid state. with one species primarily responsible for doping.
引用
收藏
页码:831 / 837
页数:7
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