Abnormal systolic and diastolic myocardial function in obese asymptomatic adolescents

Structural and functional cardiac changes are known in obese adults. We aimed to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiac function in overweight and obese asymptomatic adolescents. Ninety three healthy adolescents, aged 12.6 +/- 1.2 years, received weight, height, BMI, waist, hips, waist/hips ratio assessment, hematology and biochemistry tests and an echocardiogram. Based on BMI, subjects were divided into: lean (L, n=32), overweight (Ov, n=33) and obese (Ob, n=32). Interventricular septal and LV posterior wall thickness were increased parallel to the BMI (L: 0.84 +/- 0.1 cm, Ov: 0.88 +/- 0.1 cm, Ob: 0.96 +/- 0.1 cm, p<0.001, and L: 0.78 +/- 0.1 cm, Ov: 0.8 +/- 0.1 cm, Ob: 0.94 +/- 0.1 cm, p<0.001, respectively) as were relative wall thickness (RWT) and mass index (LVMI) (L: 0.34 +/- 0.05, Ov: 0.34 +/- 0.05, Ob: 0.40 +/- 0.04, p<0.001, and L: 47.7 +/- 8.4 g/m(2), Ov: 51.9 +/- 8.3 g/m(2), Ob: 65.2 +/- 13.3 g/m(2), p=0<001, respectively). LV early diastolic (E') lateral and septal velocities (L: 15.3 +/- 3.9 cm/s, Ov: 13.6 +/- 4 cm/s, Ob: 10.5 +/- 3.4 cm/s, p<0.001, and L: 12.2 +/- 2.3 cm/s, Ov: 11.1 +/- 2.4 cm/s, Ob: 9.8 +/- 3.1 cm/s, p=0.003, respectively), and systolic (S') velocities (L: 9.2 +/- 1.4 cm/s, Ov: 9.3 +/- 2.3 cm/s, Ob: 8.04 +/- 1.5 cm/s, p=0.018, and L: 9.05 +/- 2.3 cm/s, Ov: 9 +/- 2.4 cm/s, Ob: 7.6 +/- 1.1 cm/s, p=0.014, respectively) were all reduced, only in obese adolescents. LV lateral E' (r=-0.44, p<0.001) and S' (r=-0.29, p=0.005) correlated with BMI. In asymptomatic adolescents, LV wall is thicker and diastolic function impaired and correlate with BMI. These findings demonstrate early cardiac functional disturbances which might explain the known obesity risk for cardiac disease. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.