Consequences on depression of combining grandparental childcare with other caregiving roles

Objective:This study examines the effect of combining grandchild care with other care roles on depression among individuals aged 50 to 84. Previous research investigating the health consequences of multiple care roles among older adults found mixed evidence, with most studies being predominantly cross-sectional. Methods: We use longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to understand how grandparents' mental health, measured as depressive symptoms, is affected when combining multiple care roles. We estimate logistic regression models, for grandfathers and grandmothers separately, to investigate how depression at wave 2 is affected by multiple care roles at wave 1, controlling for depression at baseline. Results:Consistent with previous studies, we find that providing grandchild care only reduces risk of depression for grandmothers, but not for grandfathers. For both genders, we find a higher risk of depression among those who provide intensive care to co-residents. The negative effect of grandchild care on depression found for grandmothers disappears if they also provide other types of care. In particular, grandmothers who provide care both to grandchildren and to a sick or disabled person show a higher risk of depression compared to those who only provide grandchild care. Conclusions:While multiple caregiving roles are not common, it is important to understand their combined effect on caregivers' health. Grandmothers who provide childcare and other intensive types of care may lose the positive effects grandchild care exert over their wellbeing.