To Study the Effectiveness of Oral Azithromycin as Compared to Parenteral Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Enteric Fever

AimThis study aims to compare the effectiveness of oral azithromycin and intravenous ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in children aged between 2 and 12 years. MethodsThis prospective randomized open-labeled study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics in a medical college of South India. A total of 126 children with proven enteric fever were randomized into two treatment groups. One group received oral azithromycin (20 mg/kg/d) and the other group received parenteral ceftriaxone (75 mg/kg/d), both of which were given for a duration of 7 days. The study population was observed for fever defervescence, duration of hospital stay, and relapse. ResultsThe mean time for fever defervescence was 3.682.109 and 4.08 +/- 1.903 days in the azithromycin group and the ceftriaxone group, respectively. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7.35 +/- 2.604 days in the azithromycin group and 9.44 +/- 0.249 days in the ceftriaxone group. In the azithromycin group three children had treatment failure and had to crossover to ceftriaxone group. Among the four treatment failures in the ceftriaxone group, two cases relapsed within 4-week follow-up period. There was no relapse in the azithromycin group. ConclusionOral azithromycin is as effective as intravenous ceftriaxone in treating uncomplicated typhoid fever in children with respect to fever defervescence, duration of hospital stay, and relapse.