Dissecting aneurysms of all four cervicocranial arteries in fibromuscular dysplasia: Treatment with self-expanding endovascular stents, coil embolization, and surgical ligation

A patient with cervicocranial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. A ruptured dissecting distal vertebral artery aneurysm required clip ligation of the parent artery; a contralateral dissecting proximal vertebral aneurysm was occluded with detachable coils. Progressive dissecting, extracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery were treated with self-expanding stents, Subsequent angiography and intravascular sonography revealed patent stents, a smooth luminal surface, and total occlusion of the aneurysm. Clinical outcome was excellent.