Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae) in Jajarm Region, Iran Using Traditional Hydrodistillation and Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction Methods: A Comparative Approach

Volatile oils obtained by hyrodistillation (HD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) from the aerial parts of Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae) were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. A total of forty two compounds were identified in the hyrodistilled oil accounting for 96.5 % of the oil, of which -elemene (14.1 %), germacrene B (11.8 %), (E)--bisabolene (10.7 %), viridiflorene (8.1 %) and epizonaren (6.2 %) were found to be the most abundant constituents. In the oil obtained by SFME, thirty nine natural compounds were recognized, representing 98.4 % of the chemical profile, with aromadendrene (17.6 %), germacrene B (16.2 %), -elemene (6.5 %), (E)--bisabolene (6.3 %) and -elemene (5.1 %) being the major components. Therefore, in both oils sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated over other compounds.