Modulation of the Innate Immune Response through the Vagus Nerve

被引:27
作者
Kox, Matthijs [1 ]
Pickkers, Peter [1 ]
机构
[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Intens Care Med, Radboud Ctr Infect Dis RCI, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
关键词
Vagus nerve; Innate immune system; Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway; Inflammation; Cytokines; Lipopolysaccharide; Heart rate variability; CHOLINERGIC ANTIINFLAMMATORY PATHWAY; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; SUBDIAPHRAGMATIC VAGOTOMY; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; IMPROVES SURVIVAL; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; TNF-ALPHA;
D O I
10.1159/000435843
中图分类号
R5 [内科学]; R69 [泌尿科学(泌尿生殖系疾病)];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
The innate immune system is a defense mechanism that is of vital importance to our survival. However, excessive or unwanted activation of the innate immune system, which can occur in major surgery, sepsis, trauma, ischemia-reperfusion injury and autoimmune diseases, can lead to damage of the kidneys and other organs. Therefore, therapeutic approaches aimed at attenuating the innate immune response could have beneficial effects in these conditions. The vagus nerve exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the so-called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Since its discovery, numerous animal studies have shown beneficial effects of stimulation of this pathway in models of inflammatory diseases, either through (electrical) stimulation of the vagus nerve or pharmacological approaches. However, human data are very scarce. In this review, we present an overview of the molecular and anatomical bases of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, but mainly focus on human studies. We discuss the difficulties and drawbacks associated with investigating this pathway in humans, and finally, we provide future perspectives. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
引用
收藏
页码:79 / 84
页数:6
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