Comparison of the effects of different dietary regimens on susceptibility to experimental acute kidney injury: The roles of SIRT1 and TGF-β1

Objectives: Mortality due to acute kidney injury (AKI) is high despite its reversibility, and studies on efficient treatments for accelerating the recovery of or preventing AKI are of great significance. The amount of daily calorie intake and how it is taken affect body organs and how cells respond to it. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four types of diets: calorie restriction (CR), time-restriction eating (TR), intermittent fasting (IF), and high-fat diet (HF), on renal injury indicators in male rats. Methods: Adult rats were placed on CR, TR, IF, and HF diets for 8 wk, after which AKI was induced in them by injection of glycerol. Renal injury indicators and biochemical parameters were measured before and after AKI induction. Results: After AKI, urinary albumin excretion, urea, serum creatinine, and transforming growth factor (TGF)131 increased, whereas creatinine clearance and SIRT1 decreased. CR and TR diets improved renal indicators, decreased TGF-131 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased SIRT1, total antioxidant capacity, and creatinine clearance after AKI induction. Although IF improved renal indicators, it only led to a decrease in MDA and TGF-131. On the other hand, the HF diet worsened renal indicators, increased TGF-131, and decreased SIRT1 in the kidney. Moreover, CR and TR improved metabolism indicators, and HF led to the abnormalization of these factors. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that CR and TR can be introduced as a treatment method to prevent AKI. These diets can increase the resistance of kidney cells against injuries, possibly by increasing SIRT1, decreasing TGF-131, and improving antioxidant status; and they have renoprotective effects. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.