Al-Sn co-doped ZnO thin films were deposited onto quartz substrates by sol-gel processing. The surface morphology and electrical and optical properties were investigated at different annealing temperatures. The surface morphology showed a closely packed arrangement of crystallites in all the doped films. As prepared co-doped films show a preferred orientation along an (0 0 2) plane. This preferred orientation was enhanced by increasing the annealing temperature to between 400 degrees C and 500 degrees C, but there was a shift to the (1 0 1) plane when the annealing temperature rose above 500 degrees C. These samples show, on average, 91.2% optical transmittance in the visible range. In this study, the optical band gap of all the doped films was broadened compared with pure ZnO, regardless of the different annealing temperature. The carrier concentration and carrier mobility of the thin films were also investigated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Vimalkumar, T. V.
;
Poornima, N.
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Poornima, N.
;
Jinesh, K. B.
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Nanyang Technol Univ, Energy Res Inst NTU ERI N, Singapore 639798, SingaporeCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Jinesh, K. B.
;
Kartha, C. Sudha
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Kartha, C. Sudha
;
Vijayakumar, K. P.
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Vimalkumar, T. V.
;
Poornima, N.
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Poornima, N.
;
Jinesh, K. B.
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Nanyang Technol Univ, Energy Res Inst NTU ERI N, Singapore 639798, SingaporeCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Jinesh, K. B.
;
Kartha, C. Sudha
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
Kartha, C. Sudha
;
Vijayakumar, K. P.
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Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, IndiaCochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Thin Film Photovolta Div, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India