Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

被引：214

作者：

Alimena, Juliette ^{[1
]}

Beacham, James ^{[2
]}

Borsato, Martino ^{[3
]}

Cheng, Yangyang ^{[4
]}

Vidal, Xabier Cid ^{[5
]}

Cottin, Giovanna ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Curtin, David ^{[9
]}

De Roeck, Albert ^{[10
]}

Desai, Nishita ^{[11
]}

Evans, Jared A. ^{[12
]}

Knapen, Simon ^{[13
]}

Kraml, Sabine ^{[14
]}

Lessa, Andre ^{[15
]}

Liu, Zhen ^{[16
]}

Mehlhase, Sascha ^{[17
]}

Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J. ^{[18
,19
,20
]}

Russell, Heather ^{[21
]}

Shelton, Jessie ^{[22
]}

Shuve, Brian ^{[23
,24
]}

Verducci, Monica ^{[25
,26
]}

Zurita, Jose ^{[27
,28
]}

Adams, Todd ^{[29
]}

Adersberger, Michael ^{[30
]}

Alpigiani, Cristiano ^{[31
]}

Apresyan, Artur ^{[32
]}

Bainbridge, Robert John ^{[33
]}

Batozskaya, Varvara ^{[34
]}

Beauchesne, Hugues ^{[35
]}

Benato, Lisa ^{[36
]}

Berlendis, S. ^{[37
]}

Bhal, Eshwen ^{[38
]}

Blekman, Freya ^{[39
]}

Borovilou, Christina ^{[40
]}

Boyd, Jamie ^{[10
]}

Brau, Benjamin P. ^{[41
]}

Bryngemark, Lene ^{[42
]}

Buchmueller, Oliver ^{[33
]}

Buschmann, Malte ^{[43
]}

Buttinger, William ^{[10
]}

Campanelli, Mario ^{[44
]}

Cesarotti, Cari ^{[45
]}

Chen, Chunhui ^{[46
]}

Cheng, Hsin-Chia ^{[47
]}

Cheong, Sanha ^{[48
,49
]}

Citron, Matthew ^{[50
]}

Coccaro, Andrea ^{[51
]}

Coco, V ^{[10
]}

Conte, Eric ^{[52
]}

Cormier, Felix ^{[53
]}

Corpe, Louie D. ^{[44
]}

机构：

[1] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 191 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[2] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, 120 Sci Dr, Durham, NC 27710 USA

[3] Heidelberg Univ, Phys Inst, Neuenheimer Feld 226, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

[4] Cornell Univ, 245 East Ave, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[5] U Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias, IGFAE, Rua Xoaquin Diaz Rabago S-N, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain

[6] Univ Adolfo Ibanez, Fac Artes Liber, Dept Ciencias, Diagonal Torres 2640, Santiago, Chile

[7] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

[8] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Fis, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile

[9] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada

[10] CERN, Esplanade Particules 1, Geneva, Switzerland

[11] Tata Inst Fundamental Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Homi Bhabha Rd, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India

[12] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, 400 Geol Phys Bldg, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA

[13] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, 1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA

[14] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS, IN2P3, 53 Ave Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, France

[15] Univ Fed ABC, Av Estados 5001, BR-09210580 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil

[16] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[17] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fac Phys, Schellingstr 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany

[18] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst Ctr Fundamental Interact, Lederle Grad Res Ctr 416, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[19] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, TD Lee Inst, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China

[20] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China

[21] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada

[22] Univ Illinois, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[23] Harvey Mudd Coll, 301 Platt Blvd, Claremont, CA 91711 USA

[24] Univ Calif Riverside, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[25] Univ Roma Tre, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy

[26] INFN, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy

[27] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nucl Phys, Hermann Von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany

[28] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Particle Phys TTP, Engesserstr 7, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany

[29] Florida State Univ, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA

[30] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fac Phys, Schellingstr 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany

[31] Univ Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[32] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA

[33] Imperial Coll, Blackett Lab, High Energy Phys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England

[34] Natl Ctr Nucl Res NCBJ, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland

[35] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, 1 Ben Gurion Blvd Beer Sheva, IL-8410501 Beer Sheva, Israel

[36] Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[37] Univ Arizona, 118 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[38] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England

[39] Vrije Univ Brussel, IIHE, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[40] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Phys Dept, Panepistimioupoli 15784, Zografou, Greece

[41] Univ Massachusetts, 1126 LGRT, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[42] Lund Univ, Div Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden

[43] Univ Michigan, Leinweber Ctr Theoret Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[44] UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England

[45] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[46] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2323 Osborn Dr,Phys 0012, Ames, IA 50011 USA

[47] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA

[48] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[49] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[50] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Broida Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS | 2020年 / 47卷 / 09期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

beyond the Standard Model; long-lived particles; Large Hadron Collider; high-luminosity LHC; collider phenomenology; high-energy collider experiments; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; DARK GAUGE FORCES; ROOT-S=13 TEV; MAGNETIC MONOPOLES; PP COLLISIONS; HIGH-ENERGY; MAJORANA NEUTRINOS; EXCLUSION LIMITS; BARYON ASYMMETRY; MESON DECAYS;

D O I：

10.1088/1361-6471/ab4574

中图分类号：

O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];

学科分类号：

070202 ;

摘要：

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.

引用

页数：226

共 604 条

[11] Search for new phenomena in dijet events using 37 fb-1 of pp collision data collected at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector [J].

Aaboud, M. ;

Aad, G. ;

Abbott, B. ;

Abdallah, J. ;

Abdinov, O. ;

Abeloos, B. ;

Abidi, S. H. ;

AbouZeid, O. S. ;

Abraham, N. L. ;

Abramowicz, H. ;

Abreu, H. ;

Abreu, R. ;

Abulaiti, Y. ;

Acharya, B. S. ;

Adachi, S. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adelman, J. ;

Adersberger, M. ;

Adye, T. ;

Affolder, A. A. ;

Agatonovic-Jovin, T. ;

Agheorghiesei, C. ;

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. ;

Ahlen, S. P. ;

Ahmadov, F. ;

Aielli, G. ;

Akatsuka, S. ;

Akerstedt, H. ;

Akesson, T. P. A. ;

Akimov, A. V. ;

Alberghi, G. L. ;

Albert, J. ;

Albicocco, P. ;

Alconada Verzini, M. J. ;

Aleksa, M. ;

Aleksandrov, I. N. ;

Alexa, C. ;

Alexander, G. ;

Alexopoulos, T. ;

Alhroob, M. ;

Ali, B. ;

Aliev, M. ;

Alimonti, G. ;

Alison, J. ;

Alkire, S. P. ;

Allbrooke, B. M. M. ;

Allen, B. W. ;

Allport, P. P. ;

Aloisio, A. ;

Alonso, A. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2017, 96 (05)

[12]

Aaboud M, 2018, J HIGH ENERGY PHYS, DOI [10.1007/JHEP05(2018)195, 10.1007/JHEP09(2017)020]

[13] A measurement of material in the ATLAS tracker using secondary hadronic interactions in 7 TeV p p collisions [J].

Aaboud, M. ;

Aad, G. ;

Abbott, B. ;

Abdallah, J. ;

Abdinov, O. ;

Abeloos, B. ;

Aben, R. ;

AbouZeid, O. S. ;

Abraham, N. L. ;

Abramowicz, H. ;

Abreu, H. ;

Abreu, R. ;

Abulaiti, Y. ;

Acharya, B. S. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adams, D. L. ;

Adelman, J. ;

Adomeit, S. ;

Adye, T. ;

Affolder, A. A. ;

Agatonovic-Jovin, T. ;

Agricola, J. ;

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. ;

Ahlen, S. P. ;

Ahmadov, F. ;

Aielli, G. ;

Akerstedt, H. ;

Akesson, T. P. A. ;

Akimov, A. V. ;

Alberghi, G. L. ;

Albert, J. ;

Albrand, S. ;

Verzini, M. J. Alconada ;

Aleksa, M. ;

Aleksandrov, I. N. ;

Alexa, C. ;

Alexander, G. ;

Alexopoulos, T. ;

Alhroob, M. ;

Ali, B. ;

Aliev, M. ;

Alimonti, G. ;

Alison, J. ;

Alkire, S. P. ;

Allbrooke, B. M. M. ;

Allen, B. W. ;

Allport, P. P. ;

Aloisio, A. ;

Alonso, A. ;

Alonso, F. .

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2016, 11

[14] Measurement of the Inelastic Proton-Proton Cross Section at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC [J].

Aaboud, M. ;

Aad, G. ;

Abbott, B. ;

Abdallah, J. ;

Abdinov, O. ;

Abeloos, B. ;

Aben, R. ;

AbouZeid, O. S. ;

Abraham, N. L. ;

Abramowicz, H. ;

Abreu, H. ;

Abreu, R. ;

Abulaiti, Y. ;

Acharya, B. S. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adams, D. L. ;

Adelman, J. ;

Adomeit, S. ;

Adye, T. ;

Affolder, A. A. ;

Agatonovic-Jovin, T. ;

Agricola, J. ;

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. ;

Ahlen, S. P. ;

Ahmadov, F. ;

Aielli, G. ;

Akerstedt, H. ;

Akesson, T. P. A. ;

Akimov, A. V. ;

Alberghi, G. L. ;

Albert, J. ;

Albrand, S. ;

Alconada Verzini, M. J. ;

Aleksa, M. ;

Aleksandrov, I. N. ;

Alexa, C. ;

Alexander, G. ;

Alexopoulos, T. ;

Alhroob, M. ;

Ali, B. ;

Aliev, M. ;

Alimonti, G. ;

Alison, J. ;

Alkire, S. P. ;

Allbrooke, B. M. M. ;

Allen, B. W. ;

Allport, P. P. ;

Aloisio, A. ;

Alonso, A. ;

Alonso, F. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2016, 117 (18)

[15]

Aaboud M, 2016, J HIGH ENERGY PHYS, DOI 10.1007/JHEP09(2016)175

[16] Search for metastable heavy charged particles with large ionization energy loss in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS experiment [J].

Aaboud, M. ;

Aad, G. ;

Abbott, B. ;

Abdallah, J. ;

Abdinov, O. ;

Abeloos, B. ;

Aben, R. ;

AbouZeid, O. S. ;

Abraham, N. L. ;

Abramowicz, H. ;

Abreu, H. ;

Abreu, R. ;

Abulaiti, Y. ;

Acharya, B. S. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adams, D. L. ;

Adelman, J. ;

Adomeit, S. ;

Adye, T. ;

Affolder, A. A. ;

Agatonovic-Jovin, T. ;

Agricola, J. ;

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. ;

Ahlen, S. P. ;

Ahmadov, F. ;

Aielli, G. ;

Akerstedt, H. ;

Akesson, T. P. A. ;

Akimov, A. V. ;

Alberghi, G. L. ;

Albert, J. ;

Albrand, S. ;

Alconada Verzini, M. J. ;

Aleksa, M. ;

Aleksandrov, I. N. ;

Alexa, C. ;

Alexander, G. ;

Alexopoulos, T. ;

Alhroob, M. ;

Aliev, M. ;

Alimonti, G. ;

Alison, J. ;

Alkire, S. P. ;

Allbrooke, B. M. M. ;

Allen, B. W. ;

Allport, P. P. ;

Aloisio, A. ;

Alonso, A. ;

Alonso, F. ;

Alpigiani, C. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2016, 93 (11)

[17] Search for magnetic monopoles and stable particles with high electric charges in 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector [J].

Aad, G. ;

Abbott, B. ;

Abdallah, J. ;

Abdinov, O. ;

Aben, R. ;

Abolins, M. ;

AbouZeid, O. S. ;

Abramowicz, H. ;

Abreu, H. ;

Abreu, R. ;

Abulaiti, Y. ;

Acharya, B. S. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adams, D. L. ;

Adelman, J. ;

Adomeit, S. ;

Adye, T. ;

Affolder, A. A. ;

Agatonovic-Jovin, T. ;

Agricola, J. ;

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. ;

Ahlen, S. P. ;

Ahmadov, F. ;

Aielli, G. ;

Akerstedt, H. ;

Akesson, T. P. A. ;

Akimov, A. V. ;

Alberghi, G. L. ;

Albert, J. ;

Albrand, S. ;

Verzini, M. J. Alconada ;

Aleksa, M. ;

Aleksandrov, I. N. ;

Alexa, C. ;

Alexander, G. ;

Alexopoulos, T. ;

Alhroob, M. ;

Alimonti, G. ;

Alio, L. ;

Alison, J. ;

Alkire, S. P. ;

Allbrooke, B. M. M. ;

Allport, P. P. ;

Aloisio, A. ;

Alonso, A. ;

Alonso, F. ;

Alpigiani, C. ;

Altheimer, A. ;

Alvarez Gonzalez, B. ;

Alvarez Piqueras, D. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2016, 93 (05)

[18]

Aad G, 2016, EUR PHYS J C, V76, DOI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4126-5

[19] Charged-particle distributions in √s=13 TeV pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC [J].

Aad, G. ;

Abbott, B. ;

Abdallah, J. ;

Abdinov, O. ;

Abeloos, B. ;

Aben, R. ;

Abolins, M. ;

AbouZeid, O. S. ;

Abraham, N. L. ;

Abramowicz, H. ;

Abreu, H. ;

Abreu, R. ;

Abulaiti, Y. ;

Acharya, B. S. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adams, D. L. ;

Adelman, J. ;

Adomeit, S. ;

Adye, T. ;

Affolder, A. A. ;

Agatonovic-Jovin, T. ;

Agricola, J. ;

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. ;

Ahlen, S. P. ;

Ahmadov, F. ;

Aielli, G. ;

Akerstedt, H. ;

Akesson, T. P. A. ;

Akimov, A. V. ;

Alberghi, G. L. ;

Albert, J. ;

Albrand, S. ;

Alconada Verzini, M. J. ;

Aleksa, M. ;

Aleksandrov, I. N. ;

Alexa, C. ;

Alexander, G. ;

Alexopoulos, T. ;

Alhroob, M. ;

Aliev, M. ;

Alimonti, G. ;

Alison, J. ;

Alkire, S. P. ;

Allbrooke, B. M. M. ;

Allen, B. W. ;

Allport, P. P. ;

Aloisio, A. ;

Alonso, A. ;

Alonso, F. ;

Alpigiani, C. .

PHYSICS LETTERS B, 2016, 758 :67-88

[20]

Aad G, 2016, J HIGH ENERGY PHYS, DOI 10.1007/JHEP02(2016)062

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →