Phthalonitrile-epoxy blends: Cure behavior and copolymer properties

Binary blends composed of 4,4'-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl (biphenyl PN) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (epoxy resin) and oligomeric n = 4 phthalonitrile (n = 4 PN) and epoxy resin were prepared. The cure behavior of the blends was studied under dynamic and isothermal curing conditions using differential scanning calorimetry, simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and rheological analysis. The studies revealed that phthalonitrile-epoxy blends exhibited good processability and that they copolymerized with or without the addition of curing additive. In the absence of curing additive, the blends required higher temperatures and longer cure times. The thermal and dynamic viscoelastic properties of amine-cured phthalonitrile-epoxy copolymers were examined and compared with those of the neat epoxy resin. The properties of the epoxy resin improved with increasing biphenyl PN content and with n = 4 PN addition. Specifically, the copolymers exhibited higher glass transition temperatures, increased thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, and enhanced dynamic mechanical properties relative to the commercially available epoxy resin. The results showed that the phthalonitrile-epoxy blends and copolymers have an attractive combination of processability and high temperature properties. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.