Understanding the Immune System in Fetal Protection and Maternal Infections during Pregnancy

被引:34
作者
Hussain, Tarique [1 ,2 ]
Murtaza, Ghulam [3 ]
Kalhoro, Dildar Hussain [4 ]
Kalhoro, Muhammad Saleem [5 ]
Yin, Yulong [6 ]
Chughtai, Muhammad Ismail [2 ]
Tan, Bie [1 ]
Yaseen, Anjaleena [2 ]
Ur Rehman, Zia [7 ]
机构
[1] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China
[2] Pakistan Inst Engn & Appl Sci, Anim Sci Div Nucl Inst Agr & Biol Coll, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
[3] Sindh Agr Univ, Dept Anim Reprod, Fac Anim Husb & Vet Sci, Tandojam 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
[4] Sindh Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, Fac Anim Husb & Vet Sci, Tandojam 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
[5] Sindh Agr Univ, Dept Anim Prod Technol, Fac Anim Husb & Vet Sci, Tandojam 70050, Pakistan
[6] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China
[7] Univ Agr, Coll Vet Sci, Fac Anim Husb & Vet Sci, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; REGULATORY T-CELLS; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; VIRAL-INFECTION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; INTRAUTERINE TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PRETERM BIRTH; ZIKA VIRUS;
D O I
10.1155/2022/7567708
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
The fetal-maternal immune system determines the fate of pregnancy. The trophoblast cells not only give an active response against external stimuli but are also involved in secreting most of the cytokines. These cells have an essential function in fetal acceptance or fetal rejection. Other immune cells also play a pivotal role in carrying out a successful pregnancy. The disruption in this mechanism may lead to harmful effects on pregnancy. The placenta serves as an immune barrier in fetus protection against invading pathogens. Once the infections prevail, they may localize in placental and fetal tissues, and the presence of inflammation due to cytokines may have detrimental effects on pregnancy. Moreover, some pathogens are responsible for congenital fetal anomalies and affect almost all organs of the developing fetus. This review article is designed to address the bacterial and viral infections that threaten pregnancy and their possible outcomes. Moreover, training of the fetal immune system against the exposure of infections and the role of CD49a + NK cells in embryonic development will also be highlighted.
引用
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页数:12
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