Regulation of hyphal morphogenesis by Ras and Rho small. GTPases

被引:23
作者
Arkowitz, Robert A. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Bassilana, Martine [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inst Biol Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France
[2] CNRS, UMR7277, Inst Biol Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France
[3] INSERM, UMR1091, Inst Biol Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France
关键词
Bud-hyphal transition; Cdc42; Filamentous growth; Polarized growth; Rac; Rho1; Small GTPase; NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR; CELL-WALL INTEGRITY; BUD-SITE-SELECTION; FUNGUS ASHBYA-GOSSYPII; HOMOBASIDIOMYCETE SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; PATHOGEN CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE LOCALIZATION; INVASIVE FILAMENTOUS GROWTH; YEAST YARROWIA-LIPOLYTICA; CANDIDA-ALBICANS HYPHAE;
D O I
10.1016/j.fbr.2015.02.003
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The fungal kingdom is extremely diverse comprised of over 1.5 million species including yeasts, molds and mushrooms. Essentially, all fungi have cell walls that contain chitin and the cells of most fungi grow as tube-like filaments called hyphae. These filamentous fungi, such as the mold Neurospora crassa, develop branched radial networks of hyphae referred to as mycelium. In contrast, non-filamentous fungi do not form radial mycelia, but grow as single cells, which reproduce by either budding or fission such as Saccharbmyces cerevisiae or Schizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. Finally, there are fungi that are capable of switching between single cell, yeast form growth and filamentous growth such as Candida albicans. The switch from yeast to filamentous growth in these so-called dimorphic fungi is a virulence trait in many human and plant pathogens. Highly conserved master regulators of all three fungal growth modes filamentous, non-filamentous and dimorphic are the Ras and Rho small GTPases, which spatially and temporally control cell polarity establishment and maintenance. This review summarizes the key roles of the Ras and Rho GTPases during hyphal rnorphogenesis in a range of fungi. (C) 2015 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:7 / 19
页数:13
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