A study on the coupling coordination between tourism and the low-carbon city

Tourism is often claimed to be one of the important industries of low-carbon cities (LCCs). This paper aims to establish a comprehensive evaluation system and to empirically investigate the coupling coordination between the tourism industry and LCCs by using the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) with panel data of Shenzhen, China. The findings revealed that the degree of coupling coordination showed an upward trend, successively developing from barely coordinated to primary coordination, good coordination, and superior coordination from 2001 to 2011. Specifically, industrial performance and the ecological environment had the greatest effect on the coupling system.