Growth and function in childhood of a normal solitary kidney from birth or from early infancy

Children with a solitary kidney (SK) have an increased long-term risk of hypertension, albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we assessed the early signs of impaired glomerular filtration in children with a SK from birth or from early infancy. Renal growth and function at ages 4-15.5 years were studied in 38 children with SK and 40 matched control subjects in terms of accelerated growth. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure Z-scores (p = 0.01/< 0.05) and the resistance index (RI) of the arcuate arteries (p = 0.05) were higher in the children with SK. Creatinine clearance and 24-h protein and albumin urinary excretion showed no difference. All but seven children with SK had 99mTc diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid glomerular filtration rate values of > 80 ml/min/1.73 m(2). An independent positive correlation was found between length of the follow-up time and 24-h albumin urinary excretion (beta = 0.54, p < 0.01). Accelerated postnatal growth was positively related with kidney volume (beta = 0.35, p < 0.05). Among our patient cohort, renal function was well preserved at ages 4-15.5 years in children who were born with a SK. However, both their higher blood pressure and RI and the correlation of 24-h albumin urinary excretion with length of follow-up time underline the need for monitoring to detect early signs of glomerular hyperfiltration and, if necessary, implement timely intervention. SK hypertrophy was found to be correlated with postnatal growth.