Mother-adult offspring resemblance in dietary intake: a community-based cohort study in Australia

Background: It has been widely recognized that parental dietary intake is an important and consistent factor influencing children's food intake. However, there are conflicting results with regard to the strength of the parental-child resemblance in dietary intake. Moreover, this association has rarely been investigated in young adult offspring. Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the dietary intake and food consumption of middle-aged women and their female and male adult offspring (aged 18-23 y) and to examine the association in dietary intake between sex-specific mother-child dyads. Design: We used cross-sectional dietary data for 2017 mother-child pairs from the 21-y follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a birth cohort study. Dietary information was obtained with the use of a 74-item food-frequency questionnaire. We assessed multivariate-adjusted mother-offspring correlations in selected nutrients and food groups and performed correlational analysis while stratifying by living arrangements. Results: Both sons and daughters had a significantly lower percentage of energy from protein than did their mothers. Sons had a significantly higher percentage of energy from fat and a lower percentage of energy from carbohydrates than did their mothers, whereas there was no difference between daughters and mothers. The mother-offspring correlations were weak (r = 0.12-0.29) for most dietary factors and tended to be slightly higher in mother daughter dyads than in mother-son dyads. Overall, correlations appeared to be stronger in offspring still living with their parents than with their counterparts not living at home, specifically the correlations for consumption of vegetables and rice. Conclusions: Mother adult offspring dietary resemblance in this Australian cohort was only weak and varied by nutrients, food groups, and the offspring's sex and living arrangements. Factors other than parental dietary habits and home environment seem to have a stronger influence on the diets of young adults.