Gui-ling-gao (turtle jelly), a traditional Chinese functional food, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions in splenocytes isolated from BALB/c mice

Gui-ling-gao (GLG), also known as turtle jelly, is a popular medicinal Chinese health/functional food prepared from several traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. The present study aimed at examining and explaining the anti-inflammatory properties of GLG by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in splenocytes isolated from BALB/c mice. Additionally, the effects of GLG on mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot assays. We demonstrated that GLG significantly inhibited LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. LPS-mediated up-regulations in the gene and protein expressions of iNOS, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were suppressed by GLG. These findings suggest for the first time that GLG exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. The current study provides strong scientific evidence for the health-beneficial claim that consumption of GLG could help the body to modulate the immune system. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.