The impact of Shari'ah and corporate governance on Islamic banks performance: evidence from Asia

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the impact of Shari'ah and corporate governance on Islamic banks performance in Asia. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses hand collected data set on Shari'ah and corporate governance variables of 79 Islamic banks of 19 countries of Asia, for the period of 2011-2016. Augmented Mollah et aL (2017) composite corporate governance index into Islamic corporate governance (ICG) index by incorporate Shari'ah board's (SBs) attributes. Two types of statistical analysis were performed; descriptive statistics, sample t-test and panel random effects regression. The analysis was further sub-sampled by considering the supervisory vs advisory, GCC vs non-GCC and large vs small effects of Shari'ah and corporate boards on Islamic banks performance. Findings - The results of the baseline model reveal that Shari'ah governance-related variables are more influential in determining the financial performance of the Islamic banks. The sub-sampled data findings illustrated some interesting facts. Shari'ah supervisory vs advisory boards regression results show that the ICG index was found significant in both the models. However, when SBs are weak the general board dominates in determining the performance. GCC vs non-GCC results show a relatively good governance in non-GCC countries. While, in case of large vs small Islamic banks, banks having high total assets demonstrates sound governance characteristics. Research limitations/implications - Independent, large and educated SB can play a significant role in removing the hurdles facing the Islamic banking industry and can also enhance stakeholders' value. Originality/value - This study enriches the understanding on Shari'ah governance, corporate governance and financial performance of Islamic banks in Asia.